Principles

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator

What is a Titrator

A titrator uses the analysis method wherein the sample is made to react with a reagent solution whose concentration is known, and from the volume of the reacted reagent, the result is determned.

Previously, this was judged by the change in indicator solution color when the reagent was dispensed from a glass burette.

Now, the “Automatic Potentiometric Titrator” automatically dispensed reagent, determines endpoint, and calculates concentration!

Measurement Principles of KEM Automatic Potentiometric Titrator

Using the constant reaction between the substance to be measured in the sample and a substance of known concentration, by measuring the amount of consumption of the reagent when it is dispensed in, it can be ascertained how much of the substance to be measured is contained in the sample.

In hand analysis, the indicator solution is used to detect the endpoint by color change.With a titrator, the potentiometry (pH) change from electrical polarization is used to find the endpoint.

Where is a Titrator used?

Industrial Chemicals
[quality control/inspection/testing/research]

Food/Food Processing
[quality control/analysis/testing]

Fats
[inspection/manufacture/development]

Petroleum Products
[quality control/inspection/testing]

Pharmaceuticals/Drugs/Cosmetics
[quality control/development]

Drinking Water
[analysis/testing]

Plating Industry
[inspection/manufacture/development]

Titrator are used in all manner of industries for quality control, inspection, and testing-related divisions.

Please link to the application here.

Automatic Potentiometric Titrator / Karl Fischer Moisture Titrator

What are the advantages of using a Titrator?

Improved measurement data reliability
Data reliability is improved because the device uses high-precision electric burettes and sensors.

No difference due to human error
With analysis by hand, it is a matter of course that different measurements occur with the same sample, but when the task is left to the device, the same value results, no matter who is doing the measuring.

Automation becomes possible
With the use of such options as a multiple sample changer, the device can measure several samples on its own, after the samples have simply been lined up.

Measurement can be performed without experience or specialized skills
In analysis, there are cases in which one must have mastery of skills or years of experience. However, if one simply learns how to use the device, every person can analyze at the same level.

What kinds of analysis are performed? [titrator]

Industrial chemical analysis

Item for analysis Analysis method Applicable standard
Salicylic acid purity acid-base titrator JIS K8392
Boric acid purity acid-base titrator JIS K8363/ISO 6353-3
Benzoic acid purity acid-base titrator JIS K8073
Hydrochloric acid acid-base titrator JIS K8180/ISO 6353-2
Formic acid acid-base titrator JIS K8264
Nitric acid acid-base titrator JIS K8541/ISO 6353-2
Acetic acid acid-base titrator JIS K8355/ISO 6353-2
Sodium hydroxide solution acid-base titrator JIS K8625/ISO 6353-2
Sodium carbonate solution acid-base titrator JIS K8625/ISO 6353-2
Sulfuric acid acid-base titrator JIS K8951/ISO 6353-2
Iodine solution oxidation-reduction titrator JIS K8920/ISO 6353-2
Iron chloride (III) hexahydrate purity oxidation-reduction titrator JIS K8142
Sodium hypochlorite solution concentration oxidation-reduction titrator JIS K8001
Magnesium chloride purity chelatometric titration JIS K8159/ISO 6353-2
Sodium carbonate acid disassociation constant acid-base titrator

Food analysis

Item for analysis Analysis method Applicable standard
Measurement of orange juice acidity acid-base titrator fruit drinks JAS/ISO 750
Measurement of grape juice acidity acid-base titrator fruit drinks JAS/ISO 750
Measurement of apple juice acidity acid-base titrator fruit drinks JAS/ISO 750
Measurement of lemon juice concentrate acidity acid-base titrator fruit drinks JAS/ISO 750
Measurement of worcester sauce acidity acid-base titrator worcester sauce JAS
Measurement of apple vinegar acidity acid-base titrator vinegar AS
Measurement of worcester sauce salt content precipitation titrator worcester sauce JJAS
Measurement of soy sauce salt content precipitation titrator soy sauce JAS
Vitamin C in lemon tea oxidation-reduction titrator fruit drinks JAS
Vitamin C in soft drinks oxidation-reduction titrator fruit drinks JAS
Measurement of red wine acidity acid-base titrator National Tax Agency- prescribed analysis method
Measurement of white wine acidity acid-base titrator National Tax Agency- prescribed analysis method
Total acid of alcohol (free acid) acid-base titrator National Tax Agency- prescribed analysis method
Amino acid in Japanese Sake acid-base titrator National Tax Agency- prescribed analysis method

Fat analysis

Item for analysis Analysis method Applicable standard
Fat saponification acid-base titrator (anhydrous) JIS K0070/ASTM D5558/fat standard analysis method (I)
Oleic acidity acid-base titrator (anhydrous) JIS K0070
Oleic acid iodization oxidation-reduction titrator Fat standard analysis method (II)/ISO 3960
Oleic acid overoxidization oxidation-reduction titrator JIS K0070/ASTM D1959/ISO 3961

Petroleum Products analysis

Item for analysis Analysis method Applicable standard
Grease basicity measurement acid-base titrator (anhydrous) JIS K2501/ASTM D2896/ISO 3771
Grease acidity measurement acid-base titrator (anhydrous) JIS K2501/ASTM D664/ISO 6619
Cyclohexene bromine value measurement polarization titrator JIS K2605/ISO 3839

Pharmaceuticals/Drugs analysis

Item for analysis Analysis method Applicable standard
Gastrointestinal medicine sodium acid carbonate acid-base titrator Japan Pharmacopoeia 14
Antibiotic benzalkonium chloride oxidation-reduction titrator Japan Pharmacopoeia 14
Indenoral hydrochloride acid-base titrator Japan Pharmacopoeia 14
Chlorpropamide acid-base titrator Japan Pharmacopoeia 14
Salicylic acid acid-base titrator Japan Pharmacopoeia 14

Drinking water testing

Item for analysis Analysis method Applicable standard
Drinking water hardness measurement chelate titrator JIS K0102/ASTM D1126/ISO 6059
Drinking water calcium hardness measurement chelate titrator JIS K0101/ASTM D1126/ISO 6058
Drinking water magnesium hardness measurement chelate titrator JIS K0101

Plating fluid analysis

Item for analysis Analysis method Applicable standard
Plating fluid chrome oxide (anhydrous chrome acid) oxidation-reduction titrator
Nickel (plating) liquid nickel chloride precipitate titrator
Silver plating fluid silver precipitate titrator precipitate titrator
Zinc plating NaCN precipitate titrator
Copper plating fluid Cu, CuCN chelate titrator
Solder plating fluid tin oxidation-reduction titrator

What is a Neutralization Titration?

[Neutralization Titration]

Among representative substances called acids, there are such acids as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid.

These acids, besides both changing blue-colored litmus to red, share the properties of reacting to such metals as magnesium and producing oxygen thereby.

Acid electrolytically disassociates as follows, and produces hydrogen ions (H+).

For example, hydrochloric acid electrolitically disassociates this way:

HCl → H+ + Cl-

Also, alkali is a substance which, in addition to changing red-colored litmus to blue, reacts with acid to cause it to lose its acid qualities.

The representative substances called alkali include sodium hydrate, potassium hydrate, and calcium hydrate.

Alkali electrolitically disassociates as follows, and produces hydroxide ions (OH-).

For example, sodium hydrate electrolitically disassociates this way:

NaOH → Na+ + OH-

When a sodium hydrate (NaOH) solution is gradually added to hydrochloric acid (HCI), the acidic qualities of the acid slowly weaken, and eventually both the acidic and alkaline qualities are lost. When this state is achieved, it is said to have reached the point of neutralization.

[Hydrochloric Acid]
HCl ⇔ H+ + Cl-

H+ + OH- → H2O

[Sodium Hydrate]
NaOH ⇔ Na+ + OH-

Looking at hydrogen ion concentration and number of hydroxide ions which have reached the point of neutralization, the amount of hydrogen ions emitted from the acid, and the amount of hydroxide ions emitted from the alkali, have become equal.

The reaction between acid and alkali is called a neutralization reaction, and the method of using this reaction to find the amount of alkali or acid for which the concentration is not known is called neutralization titration.

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